Please note that additional resources related the sulfate water quality standard to protect wild rice are available on the MPCA website.
9/27 Meeting Materials:
MPCA Wild Rice Sulfate/Sulfide Overview Presentation
Administrative Law Judge Report and MPCA Response
10/11 Meeting Materials:
Fond du Lac Resources
- The Economic Benefits of Wild Rice in Minnesota
- Fond du Lac Water Quality Standards
- Health Impact Assessment
Note: All .pdfs for open source literature are linked and uploaded on bolded author's names.
- MPCA. 2018. Analyzing Alternatives for Sulfate Treatment in Municipal Wastewater. Prepared by Bolton & Menk, Inc. and Barr Engineering Company. 84 pp. https://www.pca.state.mn.us/sites/default/files/wq-rule4-15pp.pdf
- Fort, D.J., Mathis, M.B., Walker, R., Tuominen, L.K., Hansel, M., Hall, S., Richards, R., Grattan, S.R. and Anderson, K., 2014. Toxicity of sulfate and chloride to early life stages of wild rice (Zizania palustris). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 33(12), pp.2802-2809. https://setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/etc.2744
- Pastor, J., Dewey, B., Johnson, N.W., Swain, E.B., Monson, P., Peters, E.B. and Myrbo, A., 2017. Effects of sulfate and sulfide on the life cycle of Zizania palustris in hydroponic and mesocosm experiments. Ecological Applications. 27(1): 321-336. Open access: https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/eap.1452
- Ng, G.H., Yourd, A.R., Johnson, N.W. and Myrbo, A.E., 2017. Modeling hydrologic controls on sulfur processes in sulfate‐impacted wetland and stream sediments. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 122(9), pp.2435-2457. https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/2017JG003822
- Pollman, C.D., Swain, E.B., Bael, D., Myrbo, A., Monson, P. and Shore, M.D., 2017. The evolution of sulfide in shallow aquatic ecosystem sediments: An analysis of the roles of sulfate, organic carbon, and iron and feedback constraints using structural equation modeling. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 122: 2719-2735. Open access: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/2017JG003785
- Lamers, L.P., Govers, L.L., Janssen, I.C., Geurts, J.J., Van der Welle, M.E., Van Katwijk, M.M., Van der Heide, T., Roelofs, J.G. and Smolders, A.J., 2013. Sulfide as a soil phytotoxin—a review. Frontiers in plant science, 4, 268:1-14. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2013.00268/full
- Krüssel, L., L. Junemann, M. Wirtz, H. Birke, J.D. Thornton, L.W. Browning, G. Poschet, R. Hell, J. Balk, H-P. Braun, and T.M. Hildebrandt. 2014. The mitochondrial sulfur dioxygenase ETHYLMALONIC ENCEPHALOPATHY PROTEIN1 is required for amino acid catabolism during carbohydrate starvation and embryo development in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology. 165: 92–104. http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/165/1/92.short
- Myrbo, A., Swain, E.B., Johnson, N.W., Engstrom, D.R., Pastor, J., Dewey, B., Monson, P., Brenner, J., Dykhuizen Shore, M. and Peters, E.B., 2017. Increase in nutrients, mercury, and methylmercury as a consequence of elevated sulfate reduction to sulfide in experimental wetland mesocosms. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 122: 2769-2785. Open access: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/2017JG003788
- LaFond-Hudson, S., Johnson, N.W., Pastor, J. and Dewey, B., Iron sulfide formation on root surfaces controlled by the life cycle of wild rice (Zizania palustris). Biogeochemistry, pp.1-12. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10533-018-0491-5
- Fort, D.J., Todhunter, K., Fort, T.D., Mathis, M.B., Walker, R., Hansel, M., Hall, S., Richards, R. and Anderson, K., 2017. Toxicity of sulfide to early life stages of wild rice (Zizania palustris). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 36(8), pp.2217-2226. https://setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/etc.3759
- MPCA. 2017 Final Technical Support Document: Refinements to Minnesota’s Sulfate Water Quality Standard to Protect Wild Rice. August 11, 2018. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. 151 pp. https://www.pca.state.mn.us/sites/default/files/wq-rule4-15n.pdf
- Myrbo, A., Swain, E.B., Engstrom, D.R., Coleman Wasik, J., Brenner, J., Dykhuizen Shore, M., Peters, E.B. and Blaha, G., 2017. Sulfide generated by sulfate reduction is a primary controller of the occurrence of wild rice (Zizania palustris) in shallow aquatic ecosystems. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 122: 2736-2753. Open access: https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/eap.1452
- Ramboll. 2017. Draft sulfate standard equation: Options and basis for improvements. May 16, 2017, updated May 30 2017. 51 pp.
Role of Sulfate on Wild Rice Health
Tribal-State Relations and Tribal Consultation Panel
10/25 Meeting Materials:
Peter David Manoomin Presentation
Dr. Alexander Kahler Wild Rice Protection and Restoration Presentation
DNR Protection and Restoration Handout
10/26 Meeting Materials:
Gary Drotts Wild Rice Waters Presentation
MPCA Wiild Rice Waters Presentation
DNR Updated List of Rice Waters
11/08 Meeting Materials:
MPCA, Sulfate Treatment Legislative Fact Sheet
MPCA, Analyzing Alternatives for Sulfate Treatment in Municipal Wastewater
Presentation on Sulfate Treatment and Variance Process
12/6 Meeting Materials: